When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand（要求） at any time, either in cash or by drawing a check in favor of another person. Primarily（首先）, the banker（银行家）-customer relationship is that of debtor（债务人） and creditor. Who is which, depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn? But, in addition to that basically（基本上） simple concept（概念）, the bank and its customer owe（欠） a large number of obligations（义务） to one another. Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications（并发症）, but a bank-customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded（装） against him. The bank must obey（顺从） its customer's instructions and not those of anyone else.

  When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs（指导） the bank to debit（记入借方） his account only in respect of checks drawn by himself. He gives the bank specimens（范例） of his signature（署名） and there is a very firm（ 坚固的） rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a check on which its customer's signature（署名） has been forged. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skillful one. The bank must recognize its customer's signature. For this reason, there is no risk to the customer in the practice adopted（采用） by banks of printing the customer's name on its checks. If this facilitates（（不以人作主语的）使容易） forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the