Heat（高温） waves（波动） cause（造成） record temperatures around the world. This is News Review（复习） from BBC Learning（学习） English. I'm Neil. And I'm Shan. And you can learn lots of vocabulary（词汇） about this story in the programme. You can.

  And remember, subscribe（捐款） to our channel（海峡）, like this video, and try the quiz（考查） on our website. Now, today's story. Heat waves are pushing（推） temperatures（温度） to their highest levels（水平面） ever recorded. It has reached（抵达） over 40 degrees（程度） in parts of Europe, North America, Asia and the Middle（中部） East. Wildfires have been burning（烧） out of control（控制）. Experts（专家） say heat（高温） waves（波动） like this have become more frequent because of climate change caused（造成） by humans.

  Shan, you've been looking at the headlines（大字标题）. What's the vocabulary? We have 'scorch（烧焦）', 'fakes（假货）' and 'wrestles（摔跤）'. This is News Review from BBC Learning English. Let's have a look（看） at our first headline（大字标题）. This one is from Earth（地球） Observatory（天文台） from NASA.

  Heat waves and fires, scorch, Europe, Africa and Asia. So, let's start with that word 'heat wave', which is everywhere（到处）, and it just means a period of time where the temperature（温度） is much higher than usual（通常的）. But from the headline, the word we're looking at is 'scorch' and it's connected（连接） to heat（高温）, isn't it? And we've got a lot of words about heat in English. Yes, we do. And 'scorch' is one of them.

  It means to heat something to a level which damages（损害） it. So, for example, Neil, have you ever walked on a pavement（ 人行道） in bare（赤裸的） feet on a hot day? Yeah. Horrible（ 令人恐惧的）, isn't it? It can scorch the bottom（底） of your feet. And that word 'scorch' we can use with the word 'marks（斑点）'.

  Now, for example, if you're ironing a shirt, you want to make your shirt nice and flat（平的）. If you leave that iron on the shirt for too long, it can leave scorch marks. It does. I've done this before. And 'scorch' in this headline means the heat from the sun actually（实际上） literally（照字面地） damages（损害） the ground. So, it scorches the ground（地）.

  Yes. And as you said, it's literal（文字的） use（ 利用） here. But we often use 'scorching' to talk about hot weather. It's an exaggeration（夸张）. When we say it's 'scorching', we don't usually mean that the ground is burning. Exactly（确切地）.

  And here's a bit（一点） of useful British slang（俚语） for you connected（连接） to this word. So, we can describe a very hot day as a 'scorcher'. Yeah. We've had a few too many scorchers recently（最近）. Today is a scorcher. Absolutely（完全地）.

  OK, let's have a look at that again. Let's have a look at our next headline. Yes, this one's from the standard（标准）. 'Hotest UK day ever predicted（预报） as London bakes（烤） in heatwave.' The word we are going to talk about is 'bakes'. Now, 'bakes' means to cook something in an oven（炉）, like a cake.

  We bake cakes. We do. But we also use 'bake' to talk about very hot weather. And it's very common in English to use cooking words to talk about hot weather. OK. So, how do I use it?

  Do I say, 'The weather bakes me'? I see what you mean, but no, we don't say that. We normally（通常） use the cooking words in the 'ing' form to make an adjective（形容词）. So, today it's 'baking'. It's 'baking' in here. Yeah, it is 'baking' out there.

  You also mentioned（提到） that we use other cooking words in the same way. Can you give us some examples? Yes. So, we also have 'roasting（ 烤）'. So, you can roast meat in the oven, but you can also say, 'It's absolutely roasting today.' Yeah, absolutely roasting.

  And that's important, isn't it? Because 'roasting' and 'baking', these are strong adjectives. We can't use 'very' with strong adjectives. It sounds wrong. Very roasting, very baking. No, absolutely roasting.

  Are there any other cooking words we can use? So, we also have 'boiling（沸腾的）'. So, water boils（沸腾）, but we can use 'boiling（沸腾的）' to describe very hot weather. But be careful（仔细的）, because not every cooking word can be used to describe hot weather. That's right. We don't say, 'It's frying（油煎） outside' or, 'It's really grilling（烧） today.'

  Let's have a look at that again. Let's have the next headline, please. This is from The Financial（财政的） Times（乘以）. 'Climate（气候） change shoved（ 推挤） in our face. Europe wrestles with heatwave and forest（森林） fires.' 'Wrestles' is the word.

  Now, if you wrestle with someone, you fight（打(仗)） them, you try to throw（(threw) 扔） them to the ground（地）. So, how can you wrestle with a heatwave? Well, like lots of the vocabulary we look at in news review, this is not literal. It's used metaphorically. So, the important thing here is the idea of fighting with something. Yeah.

  And this is very common to talk about particularly（特别） difficult problems. Yes. So, if you wrestle with a problem, you have a difficult problem that you're trying to solve（解答）. So, here, the heatwave is the difficult problem and Europe is trying to solve it. It's not a simple（ 简单的） problem to solve（解答）, so we have to wrestle with it. Yeah.

  And there's an interesting spelling and pronunciation of this word. It is not 'wrestle'. No. That's very difficult to say. So, 'w' is a silent（沉默的） letter. Like lots of words in English, we have silent letters everywhere.

  So, a useful tip（小费 v.给....小费）, if you see 'w' are, the 'w' is silent. So, 'wrist（腕）' or 'rigle'. Yeah. You are not wrong. Let's have a look at that again. We've had 'scorch', 'damage' with 'heat'.

  'Bakes', 'heat' to an uncomfortable（ 不舒服的） level（水平面）. So, it's not just for cakes. And 'wrestled'. Struggles（ 努力） with a difficult situation.