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2021年08月11日
没有鱼,就没有未来——消失的湖泊
环境与自然 | 纪录片
卡尔卡什是数百名依赖这些水域生存的人之一。 卡托坎·阿尔博西诺夫 (Kathokhan Arbosinov) 正在该国最大的湖泊钓鱼。 他说黑鱼吃掉所有其他鱼,但这很辛苦。 黑鱼是湖中没有天敌的超级掠食者。
"Arbokhan Arbosinov is in his element on the water.

No fish, no future – the disappearing lake

"Arbokhan Arbosinov is in his element on the water.

00:00
11:46
  "Arbokhan Arbosinov is in his element on the water. Lake Balkash is his home. "Balkash is a lake. We call it the sea." Arbosinov is a fisherman, one of hundreds who depend on these waters. Balkash lies in Kazakhstan and is one of Asia's largest lakes. But now its existence(存在) is acutely(强烈地) threatened(威胁) and with it the livelihoods of more than 3 million people who live in the Balkash basin. "Life without Balkash is not life. We need the lake."
  The day begins early for the fishing communities of Lake Balkash. They have to check all the nets before it gets hot. "We're flying." Balkash is distinctive(有特色的). Part of the lake is fresh water and part salt water. This treasure(财富) of southeastern(东南方的) Kazakhstan is 600 kilometers long and 70 kilometers wide with an average depth([海洋] 深度) of around 6 meters.
  "Balkash keeps us alive." For more than 20 years, Arbosinov has earned his living by fishing on Lake Balkash. He has a license for a specific fishing area. He works there together with a few colleagues. They're allowed to catch up to 100 tons(吨) of fish a year. "Fishing is hard work and sometimes it's very dangerous. You can even drown(淹死).
  There are dangerous winds here and waves up to 2 meters high. I've been caught in a storm three times. It was terrible. I barely(几乎不) made it to shore(滨)." Today the weather is calm. Ideal(理想) for fishing.
  But Arbosinov says that fishing away from the shore requires good boats with powerful engines. It's much more complicated(复杂的) and it costs money. Money that the fishermen here often don't have. That's why they mostly ply their trade along the coast. Arbosinov checks today's catch(捕捉). "How's it going? How much did you catch?
  Not much." This isn't the first time that the fishermen of Balkash have come home with nearly empty boats. One of the reasons they have so little yield(产量) is the snakehead fish. Arbosinov says it suddenly started appearing in these waters a few years ago. "The snakehead eats all the other fish. They're afraid of him. Soon there will be only one fish in the whole Balkash lake, this snakehead."
  The snakehead is a super(特级的) predator(掠夺者) that has no natural predator(掠夺者) in the lake. The people of Balkash are certain the fish didn't end up here naturally. One theory is that it was brought here from a zoo in Moscow. If true, it would mean that humans have altered(改变) the Lake Balkash ecosystem. Besides(而且prep除…之外) other fish, Balkash snakeheads eat frogs, young birds and even muskrats. But Lake Balkash faces a much bigger problem than a mere(仅仅) predator(掠夺者).

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重点单词:

C2
disperse:verb.分散;使散开;传播
catastrophic:adj.灾难的;悲惨的;灾难性的,毁灭性的
perch:noun.栖木, 人所居的高位, 有利的地位, 杆, 河鲈
C1
pike:noun.通行费;矛;梭子鱼;尖头;收费道路
datum:noun.资料;数据;已知数
persecution:noun.迫害, 烦扰
glacier:noun.冰河,冰川
dire:adj.可怕的;悲惨的;极端的
cattle:noun.牛;牲口,家畜
livestock:noun.牲畜;家畜
acutely:adv.强烈地
southeastern:adj.东南方的;来自东南的
tributary:noun.支流;进贡国
province:noun.省;领域,部门
livelihood:noun.生计,生活;营生
distinctive:adj.有特色的,与众不同的
drown:verb.淹死,溺死
mere:adj.仅仅,只不过
processing:noun. 处理
predatory:adj.掠夺的,掠夺成性的;食肉的;捕食生物的
shrink:verb.收缩, (使)皱缩, 缩短
fate:noun.命运,天数
yield:noun.产量
predator:noun.掠夺者, 食肉动物
china:noun.瓷器
drastically:adv.激烈地,猛烈地
villager:noun.乡村居民,村民
B2
crew:noun.全体船员
sharply:adv.严厉地,苛刻地
barely:adv.几乎不,仅仅
rapidly:adv.快,迅速地
progress:verb.前进,进步;进行
warming:noun.
threaten:verb.威胁;恐吓;预示
domestic:adj.国内的;家庭的;驯养的;一心只管家务的
unlimited:adj.无限制的;无限量的;无条件的
actively:adv.活跃地, 积极地
address:verb.写名字地址
alter:verb.改变,更改
besides:adv.而且prep除…之外
entire:adj.全部的,整个的
permit:verb.允许
minority:noun.少数民族;少数派;未成年
praise:verb.赞扬
ton:noun.吨;很多,大量
ideal:noun.理想;典范
agriculture:noun.农业,农艺;农学
preserve:verb.保护, 保持, 保存, 保藏
plus:cconj.
consumption:noun.消耗量;消耗
tragedy:noun.悲剧;惨事,惨案
maintain:verb.维持;继续;维修;主张;供养
depth:noun.[海洋] 深度;深奥
shore:noun.滨,岸
complicated:adj.复杂的,难懂的
catch:noun.捕捉;捕获物;窗钩
holy:adj.神圣的;圣洁的
destruction:noun.破坏, 毁灭
melt:verb.(使)融化;(使)熔化
resident:noun.居民
existence:noun.存在,实在;生存
treasure:noun.财富;珍宝
super:adj.特级的;极好的
reveal:verb.显示;透露;揭露;泄露
专辑
环境与自然 | 纪录片
难度
B2
词汇量
417/1274
摘要
卡尔卡什是数百名依赖这些水域生存的人之一。 卡托坎·阿尔博西诺夫 (Kathokhan Arbosinov) 正在该国最大的湖泊钓鱼。 他说黑鱼吃掉所有其他鱼,但这很辛苦。 黑鱼是湖中没有天敌的超级掠食者。
第1句的重点词汇: