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2021年09月14日
利润与道德:从屠宰场拯救牲畜
环境与自然 | 纪录片
德国肉类行业深陷丑闻,农民也面临回报。 动物权利活动人士已开始与农民合作,帮助他们收回资金。 现在这头牛还活着真是奇迹。 只有牛的性情这么好,不能被宰杀。
Germany's meat industry is caught up in scandals,

Profit vs. ethics: Saving livestock from the slaughterhouse

Germany's meat industry is caught up in scandals,

00:00
27:31
  Germany's meat industry is caught up in scandals(丑行), and returns for farmers are shrinking(收缩). Is this the end of farming as we know it? Should I ring the vet when a calf([解剖] 腓肠) is born(承担), or should I wait till tomorrow and let fate(命运) take its course? Has the time come to stop putting profit before animal welfare(幸福)? It's a miracle(奇迹) that this cow is still alive. Given the milk she has produced and the way she's been kept, it's incredible that she still allows humans to touch her.
  Only cows are this good-natured. I don't think you could exploit(开拓) any other animal to this extent(程度). In Germany, animal rights activists(积极分子) have begun teaming up with farmers. We want a society in which animals are no longer used for our benefit. But we still have far to go, and it's not easy for farmers to switch. The call came in around 9 a.m.
  A livestock(牲畜) dealer(经销商) said there was a disabled( 残疾的) cow and a small calf([解剖] 腓肠) that won't put on weight. They were being sent to the slaughterhouse. Animal rights activists Yulia Dünze and Timo Gois immediately set out to rescue(营救) them. Hi, great, you're here. I was a bit quicker. Vet Nicole Cherzo was already waiting for them.
  Let's see what you found(找到). The cow has a disabled rear(后方的) leg and the calf([解剖] 腓肠) didn't grow properly. It came here as the runt. And they found each other. Exactly, the little calf nuzzles at her teeth and the cow adopted(采用) it. She's going to be five in December.
  Why wasn't she wanted? Because of the leg. Most likely the cow injured herself in the shed(流出). She can't be milked anymore. The calf is too weak for the meat industry. Neither are lucrative(有利的) prospects(展望), so they were selected(挑选) to be culled(精选).
  The little one looks good, even though he's not growing normally. He's alert(警惕的) and active. It's nice to see. Oh, good. In the livestock industry, they're often finished by the time they are five or six and sent for slaughter(屠宰). But a cow can actually live 20 years or more.
  Of course, it's one thing to have to produce and another to live in peace. She probably can't produce enough milk for her owner anymore. But option two shouldn't be a problem. Originally destined( 指定) for the slaughterhouse, cow and calf are now getting a new lease(租借) on life. They will be brought to a Lebenshof, a so-called farm of life. The farm in central Germany belongs to Matthias Obenhak.
  It's a family farm where everyone does their bit. The Obenhaks have always been open to new farming ideas. But none were profitable(有利可图的), including pig breeding. In Germany, after costs are deducted(扣除), a farmer earns three euros for a pig, not per kilo, per animal. The family didn't want to sell their farm. Instead, they made(使) a radical(基本的) change a few weeks ago.
  Animals here no longer have to produce eggs or milk, nor will they be slaughtered. Matthias and his father Hans Martin now run a farm of life, funded(投资) by donations(捐款). It's difficult for us, for me, to get our heads around. But after long consideration(考虑), I think it's the only chance we still have. It was born of necessity(需要), from the desire(愿望) to keep the farm, because organic([有化] 有机的) grain prices have also just dropped again. This is just about the last option we have.
  It wasn't just his decision, let alone mine. It was a joint(共同的) decision, and now we want to do it. Two years ago, I didn't even know about farms of life, and that there were so many of them. I found out through evening classes, during my agricultural( 农业的) training. I then actively(活跃地) looked for an association(协会) to work(使工作) with that would allow us to slowly develop. You need to completely change your mindset.
  That isn't always easy. Sometimes you slip(滑动) back into old habits, but we don't have another option. Around noon(正午), the cow and the calf([解剖] 腓肠) arrived. Timo and Julia were there to help, too. Four years ago, they founded(创立) an association(协会) called "Initziativa Liebensteere", or the Animals for Life Initiative(主动). The association is financed(筹集资金) by donations(捐款) and has saved many animals from the chopping(砍) block. Come on, take it slowly.
  The cow and the little calf are taking their first steps to freedom(自由). They can stay on the Obenhaaks farm until they die a natural death. Around 30 kilometers away is the old farmhouse that Julia Dünsul and Timo Gois live and work in. Julia earns her living as a social worker. She works for the association on a voluntary(自愿的) basis, without getting paid. Most of the time, she takes care of the association's website, social media accounts and emails.
  They get messages every day from people asking them to save an animal, a pig, a chicken or a cow. It's often very emotional(感情的). I have an example here, Zanza. She was in dairy(牛奶场) production for almost 15 years. Then she stopped producing enough milk to be profitable. Maybe she couldn't have any more calves.
  If a cow can't bear calves, it can't keep producing milk. And so she was selected to be slaughtered. The cow had spent her entire(全部的) life in human service, being milked. And then she was just going to be killed. A few weeks ago, they managed to save Zanza the cow from that feed(饲料). Physiotherapist Julia Schröder regularly works for the association on a voluntary basis.
  Here, she wanted to take a closer look at Zanza. The cow now lives on one of the farms Julia and Timo's association partners with. Zanza had to bear 11 calves, so she would continuously provide milk for the farmers. Overall(全部地), she produced more than 100,000 liters of milk. That took its toll(通行费). There are bony((Bony)人名) growths, but also water retention(保留) in the joint(共同的).
  I can touch it, so it doesn't seem to hurt. But there's arthritis(关节炎), too. Oh, that hurts. Sebastian Diebel took over his grandparents' farm three years ago. Before long, he changed course and turned it into a farm of life. He's now taking care of 20 retired cows.
  When she got here, her otter(水獭) was so distended that it would sometimes drag(拖) on the ground when she was on the hill. Now it's shrunk back a bit.

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重点单词:

C2
cull:verb.精选;采集(鲜花等);剔除
C1
breed:verb.使繁殖
shrink:verb.收缩, (使)皱缩, 缩短
deduct:verb.扣除,减去;演绎
slaughter:verb.屠宰,屠杀;杀戮;使惨败
otter:noun.水獭, 水獭皮
graze:verb.放牧, 吃草, 擦伤, 擦过
encouragement:noun. 鼓励, 支持, 促进; 起激励作用的事物
affection:noun.友爱, 爱情, 影响, 疾病, 倾向
rear:adj.后方的;后面的;背面的
agricultural:adj. 农业的
bony:noun.(Bony)人名;(法)博尼
arthritis:noun.关节炎
parlor:noun.客厅;会客室;业务室
livestock:noun.牲畜;家畜
toll:noun.通行费;代价;钟声;伤亡人数
husbandry:noun. 农业
communal:adj.公共的;公社的
cattle:noun.牛;牲口,家畜
shed:verb.流出, 发散, 散发, 脱落, 脱皮, 摆脱
ambassador:noun.大使;代表;使节
pioneer:noun.拓荒者;先驱者
philosopher:noun.哲学家
pasture:noun.草地;牧场;牧草
miracle:noun.奇迹,令人惊奇的人
activist:noun.积极分子;激进主义分子
destine:verb. 指定; 命定, 注定
sake:noun.缘故,理由
inflict:verb.造成;使遭受(损伤、痛苦等);给予(打击等)
oat:noun.[植]燕麦, 麦片粥
fate:noun.命运,天数
alert:adj.警惕的,机警的
profitable:adj.有利可图的;赚钱的;有益的
deplete:verb.耗尽, 使衰竭
offset:verb.弥补
condemn:verb.判刑, 处刑, 声讨, 谴责
fodder:noun.饲料, 草料, (创作的)素材, 弹药
diminish:verb.减少
calf:noun.[解剖] 腓肠,小腿;小牛;小牛皮;(鲸等大哺乳动物的)幼崽
radical:adj.基本的,重要的;激进的,极端的;根本的
reflection:noun.反射, 映象, 倒影, 反省, 沉思, 反映
adoption:noun.采用;收养;接受
untouched:adj. 未触动过的, 未改变的
pit:noun.坑,地坑;煤矿
noon:noun.正午,中午
retention:noun.保留;扣留,滞留;记忆力;闭尿
spare:verb.节约,吝惜;饶恕;分出,分让
fatten:verb. 长胖, 变肥; 使…肥沃; 装满
B2
sociable:adj.社交的;好交际的;友善的
produce:noun.农产品,产品
slaughter:noun.屠宰,屠杀;杀戮;消灭
actively:adv.活跃地, 积极地
initiative:noun.主动
entire:adj.全部的,整个的
demonstration:noun.展示;游行
interpretation:noun.解释;口译
tank:noun.坦克;大容器,槽
survival:noun. 幸存; 生存
tear:noun. 眼泪
cheek:noun.面颊,脸蛋
adopt:verb.采用, 收养
joint:adj.共同的;连接的;联合的,合办的
chop:verb.砍,劈;切细
overall:adv.全部地;总的说来
mass:noun.块,团;群众,民众;大量,众多;质量
association:noun.协会,团体;联合
otherwise:adv.另外;要不然
welfare:noun.幸福,福利
dealer:noun.经销商;商人
shed:noun.小屋,棚;分水岭
prospect:noun.展望;前景,前程
select:verb.挑选;选拔
justify:verb.证明合法;整理版面
anxiety:noun.焦虑,忧虑;渴望
fund:verb.投资;资助
necessity:noun.需要;必然性;必需品
sponsor:noun.发起者
adopt:verb.采用, 收养
reserve:noun.储备(物), 储藏量, 预备队
constantly:adv.不断地;时常地
scandal:noun.丑行,丑闻,诽谤,耻辱,流言蜚语
organic:adj.[有化] 有机的;组织的;器官的;根本的
bear:verb.承担;忍受
collapse:verb.倒塌;瓦解;暴跌
gain:verb.获得;增加
capacity:noun.容量, 生产量, 容量, 智能, 才能, 能力, 接受力, 地位
ethical:adj.伦理的;道德的;凭处方出售的
beat:noun.敲打, 拍子, 巡逻区域
function:verb.运行;活动;行使职责
exploit:verb.开拓, 开发, 开采, 剥削, 用以自肥
joint:noun.关节;接缝;接合处,接合点;(牛,羊等的腿)大块肉
ultimately:adv.最后;根本上
donation:noun.捐款,捐赠物;捐赠
suspend:verb.延缓,推迟;使暂停;使悬浮
estimate:verb.估计,评价
conflict:verb.冲突,抵触;争执;战斗
rescue:verb.营救,解救,救援
consideration:noun.考虑,思考;体贴
dairy:noun.牛奶场;乳制品
classify:verb.分类, 分等
blossom:verb.开花
transition:noun.转变, 转换, 跃迁, 过渡, 变调
lease:noun.租借, 租约, 租赁物, 租期, 延续的一段时间
slip:verb.滑动;滑倒;犯错;失足;减退
plus:cconj.
scheme:noun.安排, 配置, 计划, 阴谋, 方案, 图解, 摘要
basically:adv.基本上
consumption:noun.消耗量;消耗
via:adp.经过;通过
relatively:adv. 相对地; 相关地
founder:noun.铸工, 翻沙工, 创始人, 奠基人
extend:verb.延长;扩大;致
rescue:noun.营救,解救,救援
economist:noun.经济学者;节俭的人
demand:verb.要求;需要;询问
absorb:verb.吸收;吸引;承受;理解;使…全神贯注
evident:adj.明显的,明白的
disabled:adj. 残疾的
lucrative:adj.有利的
found:verb.创立,创办;建立
finance:verb.筹集资金
voluntary:adj.自愿的,志愿的
beyond:adp.在…的那边
desire:noun.愿望
madame:noun.(法语)夫人;太太
litter:noun.垃圾,(供动物睡眠或防冻用的)干草、树叶, (一)窝, 轿, 担架
monthly:adj.每月的
extent:noun.程度
emotionally:adv.感情上地, 冲动地
aside:adv.在旁边,到旁边
income:noun.收入;收益;进款
perspective:noun.透视画法, 透视图, 远景, 前途, 观点, 看法, 观点, 观察
feed:noun.饲料;饲养;(动物或婴儿的)一餐
creature:noun.生物,动物,家畜
expertise:noun.专家的意见, 专门技术
concern:noun.关心,挂念;关系
self:noun.自己,自我;本质;私心
association:noun.协会,团体;联合
freedom:noun.自由;自主
emotional:adj.感情的,情绪的
drag:verb.拖,拉;拖曳
approach:noun.靠近
wherever:cconj.无论在哪里;无论什么情况下
meadow:noun.草地, 牧场
专辑
环境与自然 | 纪录片
难度
B2
词汇量
755/3344
摘要
德国肉类行业深陷丑闻,农民也面临回报。 动物权利活动人士已开始与农民合作,帮助他们收回资金。 现在这头牛还活着真是奇迹。 只有牛的性情这么好,不能被宰杀。
第1句的重点词汇:
1. scandals

B2

英/ˈskændl/  美/ˈskændl/
noun.丑行,丑闻,诽谤,耻辱,流言蜚语
语法:in的介词宾语

六级

考研

雅思

2. shrinking

C1

英/ʃrɪŋk/  美/ʃrɪŋk/
verb.收缩, (使)皱缩, 缩短
语法:句子中的根节点

托福

雅思