Our planet is getting hotter, bringing dramatic（戏剧的） consequences for both us and nature. Can humans learn to live with extreme weather? Climate change is forcing us to adapt（使适应）. We have to react and take structural（结构的） precautions（预防）. The weather is out of control, worldwide. The relationship with water and people has been shifted（替换）, and those broken links need to be repaired.

  The clock is ticking, but there is still time for us to decide how we want to live in the future. Music It's a hot day in the district（区） of Gorbitz in Dresden, Germany, which is good news for these two. Dr.Astrid Zeman from the University of Dresden needs high temperatures to do her job. We've often been asked what we're actually doing here, what we're looking for, where we're headed. And of course, people speculate（推测） that we're taking photos for Google or measuring radioactivity（放射性）. They are measuring something, but it's temperature.

  Most of these buildings were constructed（建造） in the 1980s. Extreme heat has become an issue in Gorbitz, which is home to around 21,000 people. Astrid Zeman is a meteorologist（ 气象学者）. She hopes her work can help improve their quality of life. She finds urban（都市的） heat islands on streets or squares to identify which outdoor spaces need work. One last check.

  This backpack allows us to measure the heat exposure（暴露） of people in an urban（都市的） area. The device here measures the air temperature, wind and humidity（湿气）. Up here, the solar（太阳的） radiation（发散） is measured. And here, heat radiation is measured from above, from the sides and also from below. Her research can help Dresden to become more resilient（弹回的） to heat, something people here realized was important 20 years ago. In 2003, Europe experienced one of the hottest summers on record.

  An estimated（估计） 70,000 people died from heat-related causes, with around 7,600 deaths in Germany. In 2022, 60,000 people died from heat-related causes in Europe, with 8,200 deaths in Germany. These numbers show how crucial（至关重要的） effective heat-resilience（弹回） strategies have become. Astrid Zeman has been working（使工作） together with other scientists for five years on a government-funded（投资） heat-resilience（弹回） research project. While her focus is on outdoor spaces, Professor Thomas Naumann studies how buildings react to high temperatures. He's a civil（公民的） engineer from the University of Applied Sciences in Dresden and tries to protect indoor spaces from overheating（使过热）.

  Thanks to everyone here acting in concert, their efforts are paying off. Dresden is on its way to becoming a heat-resilient city. Today, Thomas Naumann will visit buildings that have already been equipped（装备） with heat protection（保护） measures. He's keen to see what the data（资料） says, and hopes buildings can be made even more energy efficient（效率高的） in the future. Around the world, cities are being forced to take action against heat waves. For a city to be heat-resilient, it should establish（建立） alarm chains to flag heat, make buildings more heat-resilient for cooler（凉的） indoor spaces, create green spaces which lower temperatures, and have water reserves（储备(物)） in case of droughts（干旱）.

  But it's not just heat that's threatening（威胁） cities. Bangkok, Thailand（泰国）'s sprawling（ 散乱地延伸） capital, is facing another kind of extreme weather. The metropolis（大都市） often has too much water. Kachiko Anvara Aachem grew up here. She's worried about her city. Life here used to be very different.

  How people used to live with water is our identity. It used to be our road. It used to be our source of food. It used to be... We used to swim here. We used to catch fish, and this is our kitchen.

  People in Bangkok used to coexist（共存） with water. Now, they feel threatened by it, and for good reason. Bangkok is one of the most rapid（快的） sinking cities in Asia. And I think some part of our city is already under sea level. And I'm a landscape（风景） architect, and I'm working towards to save my city. The megacity was built on the flood plains of the Chao Preo River.

  Water comes down from the mountains. When it also rains heavily, Bangkok can fill up like a bathtub because the water can no longer flow out to the sea. Kachiko Anvara Aachem says Bangkok needs less grey concrete（混凝土） and more green plants and earth that can absorb（吸收） water. The city was built on swampy（ 沼泽的） ground, where the Chao Preo River flows into the Gulf（海湾） of Thailand（泰国）. It used to be a small fishing village, but grew rapidly（快） into a concrete（混凝土） and steel（钢） megacity, meaning most of its surfaces are sealed（封） over. The city changed, and its water troubles have gotten worse and worse.

  Only 15 minutes of rainfall, the whole city is shut down because we have a lot of runoff（径流量） that we can't manage. The consequences are often catastrophic（灾难的）. Around 11 million people live in the metro area of Bangkok. They regularly experience the effects of climate change firsthand. Over the past 20 years, Bangkok has seen an average of 137 water-related deaths and $7 billion in damages every year. The office of the prize-winning landscape architect lies outside the inner（内部的） city.

  Kachiko Anvara Aachem works across Asia and teaches at Harvard（哈佛大学(美国)） University in the US. Together with her team, she comes up with ideas for the city of tomorrow in this oasis（(沙漠中)绿洲）. The office is a kind of laboratory for the future. Here she developed her vision（视） for a climate-resilient（弹回的） city. At the moment, she is focused on a very important construction（建造） project, the new government center, which is being built in northern Bangkok. Her priority（先） is to make sure it's green and porous（多孔渗水的） so that water can get through.

  I think being porous is really related to delta（三角州） city like Bangkok. And many people mention about sponge city, but being porous is adding another layer of quality of water. It's not only just to hold the water, but it's also when it's at the right time. The water needs to go through it. The fact that she was commissioned（委任） to make the building ecologically friendly is a sign of changing attitudes at government level. Bangkok has less green public space per capita among megacities around the world.

  And we have a lot of development, a lot of concrete. So the land is less porous. We have no room for water. On the way to the site, she sees many examples of what she doesn't want to build. But can we build without any concrete? Yes, say many who argue for sustainable（可以忍受的） and environmentally（在环境方面地） friendly construction（建造）.

  In Khuslan, in Lower Bavaria, people have been using an alternative to concrete for a long time. Loam（（含有黏土、沙以及有机物质的）肥土）, a kind of sandy clay. Gayo Akulfa is a loam expert. He knows almost everything about this sustainable material, such as that houses made of loam withstood（抵挡） extreme heat for centuries, which is just one of the material's many advantages.