News Review from BBC Learning English. Hello and welcome to News Review, the program where we show you how to use the language from the latest news stories in your English. I'm Dan, and joining me today is Catherine. Hi, Catherine. Hello, Dan. Hello, everybody.

  So what's the story? Well, today we're talking about extreme weather. Ooh, extreme weather. OK, let's find out more from this BBC World Service news report. 'Europe is expecting near-record temperatures, with special measures（分量） being put in place to prevent loss（遗失） of life. In France, large parts of the country have been put on the second-highest weather alert（ 警报）.

  Paris and northern（北方的） France are expected to be worst（最坏地）-affected because of high humidity（湿气）.' So, summer is here. In the northern hemisphere（半球）, it's going to get very, very hot, especially in Western Europe. France, in particular, is on a big, high weather alert. Paris is going to be very badly affected. They've taken a lot of measures, like temporary（暂时的） fountains and other things, to try and prevent deaths.

  In the last time they had extreme weather in 2003, nearly 15,000 people lost their lives. So they're trying to avoid a repeat（重复） of that level of casualty（意外事故）. OK, so we've got three words and expressions that people can use to talk about this story. What have we got for them? Yes, we have forecast（预测）, shade（荫） and bask（(Bask)人名）. Forecast, shade and bask.

  OK, let's have our first headline（大字标题） then, please. Yes. So, 'The Express – Europe weather forecast maps and charts as temperatures reach sizzling 40C.' Forecast, statement about the future based（以…作基础） on knowledge and information. This is a very interesting-looking word. I can see two parts there.

  Yes. So, forecast, f-o-r-e-c-a-a-c-a-s-t. I say forecast. You say… Forecast. Both equally（同样地） acceptable（可接受的）. And, yes, there's two words.

  'For' means（平均值） at the beginning or first. If you think about the word 'before'. Yes, coming at the front. Gotcha. Exactly. Second word is quite interesting.

  There's a few related meanings of cast（投）. One of them means to kind（种类） of throw or put light on something. Thereby（因此） showing it or illuminating（阐明） it. Make something visible（可见的） or brighter. And then the second meaning is a bit more kind of esoteric（深奥）. It's about magic（魔法） when you… Harry Potter（陶艺家） and his colleagues… Casting（投） magic（魔法）.

  They cast spells（符咒）. They cast magic. So, it's the idea of a prediction（预报） which is kind（种类） of a bit unknown（未知的）, a bit hard to understand, kind of magical（魔术的）, mystical（神秘的）. Put them together, forecast – you've got a word that means 'prediction'. I see. But the weather people aren't predicting based on magic, are they?

  Not these days, no. They base on data（资料） and information and the knowledge they have about how weather works. So, a weather forecast is mostly based on fact and knowledge, the calculated predictions, yes. And the person who makes the forecast… I'm sure you know this, Dad. Is a fore（前部）-cast（投）-er. Forecaster（预报员） with an 'er' on the end is a weather forecaster（预报员）, yes.

  Very nice. So, this is a word that's heavily（重重地） associated（交往） with weather, but are there any other sort of strong connotations（含蓄） and contexts that we can use it? There are, yes. So, we can talk… It's often used in the world of business and economics（ 经济学）, so we can talk about financial（财政的） forecasts（预测）, we can talk about economic forecasts, business forecasts, stock（树干） market forecasts（预测）… So, a very common word in those two… in those contexts. Most definitely. It means a prediction about what's going to happen financially（ 财政上） in the future, but we talk about forecasts and forecasters, the people who make these predictions.

  I see. And you also mentioned that it's a verb, didn't you? It can't be a verb, you can forecast things. So, experts forecast a sharp（ 尖锐的） rise（ 上升） in employment（工业）, or they forecast a downturn in the economy（经济）. So, can I sort（种类） of walk around saying I forecast（预测） things? Can I say I forecast that he will be late?

  Well, if you want to start predicting business things, you can forecast to your heart content（ 满意）, but generally（一般地） for everyday things, for example, the result of the England-Australia cricket game today… I forecast that we will win（赢）… I predict a win（赢） for England. Okay（好）. Predict. Much more every day. Thank you very much. Well, it doesn't take a forecaster to realise that now we're going to our next headline.

  So, what's number two, please? Yahoo News. Searing（烤焦） heat across Europe sparks（发动） scramble（爬行） for shade（荫）. Shade. Relative（有关系的） darkness（黑暗） caused by something blocking（堵塞） light from the sun. I love this word.

  What can you tell us about it? There's a lot to tell about shade. S-H-A-D-E. So, it can be a verb, but we'll look at the noun form first. It's an uncountable noun. Shade is an area of darkness, which is caused by something between… well, something… When the sun is behind something, the darkness in front of that thing is shade.

  I thought that was called a shadow（ [C] 影子）. What's the difference between shades? Well, a shadow is one piece of shade. Okay. Right? So, if you're standing（站立） with the sun behind you, you can see yourself.

  That shape is… that dark shape in the shape of Dan is your shadow. You can count shadows. Yes, you can. Shade is uncountable. It means general areas of darkness. So, we're talking more about an area for shade.

  Yes. I see. Okay. So, we like to sit in shade, don't we? We love to sit in shade, or you can sit in the shade, or you can sit in the shade of something. Like a tree, for example.

  Like a tree, an umbrella, often anything that causes shade. You can sit in the shade of it. Nice. And not only that, but it's used in many other contexts too, isn't it? It's used a lot, yes. This idea of darkness, or relative darkness, can be used in a lot of different things.

  We use… in household（家庭） objects, like a lamp shade, is the thing that you put around a light to make it less harmful（有害的）, right for your eyes. Yeah. We can talk about colours, shade of colours. So, you can have a bright red, or you can have dark red. For example, this microphone（扩音器） is red. Very bright red.

  Very bright red. And this is a different shade of red. So dark, in fact, that you might not look at it red at all. No, but you might give it its own name. What's the name? Burgundy.

  How posh. Burgundy. I'm wearing a Burgundy shirt. Or maroon（栗色）. Or maroon. Oh, get choices.

  And then, of course, we have shade. I believe you've got your shades. I have with me my shades. Boom（繁荣）! Looking cool, everybody. Dan's doing the shades voice now.

  Shades are actually sunglasses. Yes, in a very informal way. Yes, in a formal way. And you also mentioned it's a verb. It is a verb as well. To shade something, so you can shade a lamp by using a lampshade.

  You can shade… if you take your glasses off and it's too bright… Oh, it's so bright! I need to shade my eyes. Dad is now putting his hand above his eyes to create some shade. That's it. He's shading his eyes. Yeah.

  Right. Well, we definitely left no shade there for anybody to have any questions about, so let's go to our next headline. But before we do, do you like news? But do you find that headlines are sometimes very difficult to pronounce? Well, we have a show for you. It's called Pronunciation in the News and it helps you to pronounce all of those difficult to say words in news headlines.

  We have 30 shows and they are all on our YouTube playlist, so make sure you check out the link below. Isn't that right, Catherine? That is right, Dan, and some of the words that you can pick up in these shows are reinstate process, pernicious dementia, and loads（装） more really interesting news vocabulary. Fantastic. All right, let's go to our third and final headline then, please. OK, we've got the mirror.

  UK weather Britain to busk in 33c heat wave as summer finally arrives. Bask. Relax and enjoy the sun's light and warmth. Yes, busk – B-A-S-K, or as you like to say it, Dan. Bask. Both equally acceptable.

  Isn't that wonderful? It's nice to think about English. It is. And it's a verb and it means to sit and lie（躺） in the sun and enjoy its warmth. A little bit like a cat. Cats love to busk in the sun, don't they?

  You see them there going, 'I love my life'. It's nice and warm. Lazy. The lightest. Get to work. And then also animals like snakes and lizards（蜥蜴） and reptiles（爬行动物）, they like to warm（使暖和） up.

  They need to warm up because they're called blooded and the act（行为） of lying（躺） in the sun is busking. Now, the main point about busking in the sun is about the enjoyment（享受）, the pleasure（愉快） of sunlight. Yeah. Not to be confused（使混乱） with sunbathing, which is also quite pleasurable. Yeah. But you do it for the purpose of usually getting brown, changing your skin colour.

  But if you're just lying in the sun to enjoy it, regardless（不顾一切地） of what you're wearing, you're just enjoying the sunshine on your face and body. Are you a busker? Do you like to busk? I do like（喜欢） to busk, absolutely（完全地）, yes. With the sun cream, protection（保护）, sun protection. But enjoyment of the sun by lying and doing nothing and enjoying it, you're busking in the sun.

  Nice. But there's also a metaphor（[修辞]隐喻）, isn't there? Well, there is a very closely（紧密地） related（叙述） metaphor（[修辞]隐喻） and it's this idea of enjoying something that's very pleasurable and just lying（躺） there and going, 'Yeah, this is lovely'. And you can busk in praise（赞扬）, you can busk in appreciation（欣赏）. So when you win your award, Dan, one day, best presenter（节目主持人）. Oh, yeah, that would be nice.

  I might busk. Everyone's clapping. Yeah, Dan, you're so wonderful. All about me for a change. Yes, that's it, so you busk. Busking in the glory（光荣）, we often say a fixed phrase, busk in glory or busk in the glory of something.

  Now, could we recap the vocabulary, please? Yes, so we had forecast, statement about the future based on knowledge and information, shade, relative darkness caused by something blocking light from the sun and busk, relax and enjoy the sun's light and warmth. Thank you very much. Now, if you'd like to test yourself on today's vocabulary, there is a quiz that you can take on our website. That's bbclearningenglish.com. You'll also find us on all the big social media channels（海峡）.

  So we've got Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. And of course, we have an app that you can download and use for free, so you can put us in your pocket and take us with you wherever（无论在哪里） you go. Thank you very much for joining us and goodbye. Goodbye.